Retraction and Withdrawal Policy

Withdrawal Before Publication

Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript before publication by submitting a written request to the Editorial Office.

Withdrawal requests should normally include the manuscript title, manuscript identification number, reason for withdrawal, and confirmation from all authors where appropriate.

The journal may decline withdrawal requests after substantial editorial or production work has been completed when the request lacks a legitimate reason.

Retraction After Publication

Published articles may be retracted where serious concerns affect the reliability, integrity, or ethical status of the publication.

A retraction notice will provide a clear explanation for the retraction and will be linked to the original article.

The original article should remain accessible where technically and ethically appropriate, with a prominent indication that it has been retracted.

Removal of Published Articles

Complete removal of a published article is exceptional and may occur only where continued public availability creates a serious legal, ethical, privacy, or other significant risk that cannot reasonably be addressed through a standard correction or retraction notice.

Any such action should be documented transparently.