Submissions

Author Guidelines

Originality and Exclusivity

Manuscripts must represent original scholarly work and must not have been published previously or be under consideration by another journal, except where an explicitly permitted publication arrangement applies and has been fully disclosed.

Authors must disclose related manuscripts, preprints, conference versions, or overlapping publications when relevant.

9.2 Manuscript Preparation

Manuscripts should be prepared in clear academic English and organized according to the requirements for the relevant article category.

A typical original research article should contain:

Title

Author names and institutional affiliations

Corresponding author's email address

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Materials and Methods or Methodology

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

Declarations and acknowledgements, where applicable

References

Sections may be combined or modified when appropriate to the discipline and article type.

9.3 Title, Abstract and Keywords

The title should accurately reflect the study's subject and contribution.

The abstract should summarize the research problem, objectives, methodology, principal findings, and conclusions. Authors should avoid unsupported claims and ensure that the abstract is consistent with the manuscript.

Keywords should identify the principal subject areas, methods, and applications of the research.

The journal should specify any formal word limits for titles, abstracts, and keywords in its detailed submission instructions.

9.4 Figures, Tables and Equations

Figures and tables must be numbered consecutively, clearly labelled, and cited in the manuscript text.

Authors should provide publication-quality figures and ensure that all symbols, units, abbreviations, and statistical quantities are explained.

Mathematical equations should be editable wherever possible. Authors must provide appropriate references for reproduced figures, tables, datasets, and other third-party material and obtain permission when required.

9.5 References and Citations

References must be accurate, complete, and consistent with the journal's prescribed citation style.

Authors should cite relevant original research and authoritative sources, including recent literature where appropriate. References must not be fabricated, manipulated, or added solely to influence citation metrics.

Persistent identifiers such as DOI links should be included when available and verified.

9.6 Research Data and Reproducibility

Authors should describe their methods in sufficient detail to support evaluation and, where appropriate, reproduction of the research.

When applicable, authors should provide information about data availability, software, code, experimental protocols, and analytical procedures.

Any restrictions on data sharing arising from confidentiality, legal obligations, privacy, or third-party ownership should be explained.

9.7 Ethical Approval and Human or Animal Research

Research involving human participants, identifiable personal data, or animals must comply with applicable laws and recognized ethical standards.

Authors must provide the required ethics committee approval or exemption details, informed-consent information, and trial registration details where applicable.

9.8 Authorship and Acknowledgements

All listed authors should have made a meaningful scholarly contribution and should approve the submitted and final versions of the manuscript.

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal and for confirming that all authors agree to the submission.

Contributors who do not meet the journal's authorship criteria should be acknowledged appropriately, with their permission.

9.9 Conflicts of Interest and Funding

Authors must disclose financial and non-financial competing interests that could reasonably be perceived to influence the research.

All relevant funding sources and the role of funders in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and publication decisions should be stated.

If no funding or competing interests exist, an appropriate declaration should be included.

9.10 Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors must disclose material use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools in manuscript preparation, analysis, or other research activities when required by the journal's policy.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors. Authors remain responsible for the accuracy, originality, citations, ethical compliance, and integrity of all submitted content.

AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, generate false references, misrepresent results, or conceal research misconduct.

9.11 Plagiarism and Duplicate Publication

Plagiarism, self-plagiarism involving inappropriate reuse, duplicate publication, fabricated results, falsified data, and other forms of research misconduct are unacceptable.

The journal may investigate concerns, request supporting information, reject a manuscript, or take post-publication action when justified.

9.12 Copyright and Open Access

Copyright, licensing, publication charges, and open-access arrangements must be stated clearly on the journal website before submission.

Authors should review the applicable publishing agreement and licence before accepting publication.

No author should be charged an undisclosed fee. If publication charges apply, the amount, payment conditions, and refund policy should be publicly available.

9.13 Submission Procedure

Authors should submit their manuscripts through the official submission system or the designated editorial email published by the journal.

The submission should include:

The complete manuscript

Author names and affiliations

Corresponding-author details

Required ethical and conflict-of-interest declarations

Funding and data-availability statements, where applicable

Figures, supplementary files, and permissions where required

Authors should identify the intended article category and confirm that the manuscript complies with the journal's submission requirements.