Author Guidelines

9.1 Originality and Exclusive Submission

Submitted manuscripts must represent original scholarly work and must not have been published previously or be under simultaneous consideration by another journal, except where an explicitly permitted arrangement applies and has been disclosed.

Authors must disclose related manuscripts, preprints, conference papers, or overlapping publications when relevant.

9.2 Manuscript Language and Preparation

Manuscripts should be written in clear, technically accurate academic English and prepared using an accepted word-processing format, such as Microsoft Word, or another format specified by the journal.

Authors should follow the journal's current formatting template and requirements for article categories, section headings, figures, tables, equations, and references.

9.3 Recommended Structure for Original Research

An original research article should generally contain:

Title

Author names and institutional affiliations

Corresponding-author information

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Literature Review and Research Gap, where appropriate

Materials and Methods or Engineering Methodology

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Data Availability Statement

Funding Statement

Conflict of Interest Statement

Author Contributions

Acknowledgements, where applicable

References

Supplementary Information, where applicable

Sections may be combined or adapted to suit the discipline and manuscript type.

9.4 Title, Abstract and Keywords

The title should be concise, accurate, and representative of the research contribution.

The abstract should clearly summarize the problem, research objectives, methodology, principal results, and conclusions. Claims of novelty or superiority should be supported by the reported evidence.

Authors should provide relevant keywords that improve discoverability and accurately represent the subject and methods of the work.

Specific word limits should be stated in the journal's detailed submission instructions.

9.5 Research Novelty and Technical Contribution

Authors should clearly explain the research problem, the limitations of existing approaches, the research gap, and the contribution made by the submitted study.

For computational and AI-based engineering research, manuscripts should include appropriate comparisons with established methods, relevant baseline models, and suitable performance metrics.

Claims of improved performance should be supported by appropriate validation, statistical analysis where applicable, and a clear description of experimental or computational conditions.

9.6 Mathematical, Computational and Simulation Studies

Mathematical and computational manuscripts should explain their governing equations, assumptions, boundary and initial conditions, numerical schemes, parameter choices, and validation procedures.

Authors should provide sufficient detail to assess the reliability of their models and, where feasible, reproduce their findings.

Simulation-based studies should distinguish clearly between simulated, experimentally measured, and externally sourced results.

9.7 Experimental Engineering Research

Experimental studies should describe equipment, materials, procedures, calibration, test conditions, uncertainty estimates, and relevant safety considerations.

Where appropriate, authors should provide repeatability assessments, statistical analysis, validation against accepted methods, and information concerning experimental limitations.

9.8 Figures, Tables and Equations

All figures and tables must be numbered consecutively, cited in the manuscript, and accompanied by informative captions.

Figures should be of suitable resolution and should accurately represent the underlying data. Authors must not manipulate images or visualizations in ways that misrepresent research findings.

Equations should be clearly formatted and all variables, parameters, and units defined. Editable equation formats are preferred.

Permission must be obtained for third-party material where required.

9.9 References and Citation Integrity

References must be accurate, complete, relevant, and consistent with the citation style prescribed by the journal.

Authors should cite foundational and recent literature appropriate to the subject and acknowledge prior contributions fairly.

DOIs should be included when available and verified. Fabricated references, irrelevant citations, coercive citation practices, and citation manipulation are unacceptable.

9.10 Data Availability and Reproducibility

Authors should provide a Data Availability Statement describing whether the data supporting the findings are publicly accessible, available upon reasonable request, included in supplementary material, or subject to legitimate restrictions.

Where appropriate, authors should provide source code, simulation configurations, experimental protocols, datasets, or supplementary technical information.

Any restrictions relating to confidentiality, privacy, intellectual property, or third-party ownership must be explained.

9.11 Ethics and Research Integrity

Research involving human participants, identifiable personal information, or animals must comply with applicable legal and ethical requirements.

Authors must provide relevant ethics approval or exemption details, informed-consent information, and other required declarations where applicable.

All authors are responsible for ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the submitted work.

9.12 Authorship and Author Contributions

All listed authors should have made meaningful scholarly contributions and approved the submitted manuscript.

The corresponding author is responsible for confirming author approval, providing accurate author information, and communicating with the journal.

A contributor statement should identify the respective contributions of authors where appropriate.

Changes to authorship after submission require a documented justification and approval from all affected authors, in accordance with the journal's policy.

9.13 Funding and Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose funding sources and any financial or non-financial interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research.

The role of funding organizations in research design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and publication decisions should be stated where applicable.

If no funding or competing interests exist, authors should provide an appropriate declaration.

9.14 Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors must comply with the journal's policy on generative AI and AI-assisted research tools.

Where disclosure is required, authors should explain the relevant use of AI in manuscript preparation, data analysis, code generation, image processing, or other research activities.

AI systems cannot be listed as authors. Authors remain responsible for accuracy, originality, verification of references, ethical compliance, and the integrity of all submitted material.

AI tools must not be used to fabricate data, create false references, conceal misconduct, or misrepresent results.

9.15 Copyright, Licensing and Publication Charges

The journal must clearly state its copyright arrangements, open-access model, publication licence, and any submission or publication fees before authors submit their work.

Authors should review the applicable publishing agreement and licensing terms.

All charges must be disclosed transparently. No undisclosed fee should be introduced after acceptance.

9.16 Submission Checklist

Before submission, authors should confirm that:

The manuscript fits the journal's scope.

The work is original and is not under simultaneous consideration elsewhere.

All authors have approved the manuscript and its submission.

The research methodology and results are adequately documented.

Figures, tables, equations, and references are complete and accurate.

Ethical approval and consent requirements have been met where applicable.

Funding, conflicts of interest, author contributions, and data availability are declared.

Permissions for third-party material have been obtained where required.

The manuscript follows the journal's formatting and submission requirements.

9.17 Submission Procedure

Authors should submit manuscripts through the journal's official submission platform or the editorial email published on its website.

Each submission should identify the intended article category and include all required manuscript files, declarations, supplementary materials, and author information.

Authors should retain a copy of the submitted manuscript and all editorial correspondence.