Enhanced Bioavailability and Targeted Delivery of Curcumin via Novel Nano-Lipid Carriers: A Comprehensive Investigation of Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Efficacy

Abstract

Curcumin, a natural polyphenol from Curcuma longa, has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Its therapeutic use is greatly compromised by its poor aqueous solubility, fast metabolism, and low bioavailability. In this study, these limitations were overcome by encapsulating curcumin in new nano-lipid carriers (NLCs). The NLCs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization, where the particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading were optimized. Detailed characterization by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also established the successful formation of stable, nanoscale particles. Sustained release of curcumin from NLCs was proven in vitro, while cellular uptake experiments with cancer cell lines showed a greater internalization compared to free curcumin. Additionally, the NLCs loaded with curcumin showed remarkably enhanced anticancer activity in vitro, indicating a promising strategy for boosting the therapeutic potential of curcumin. This study demonstrates the therapeutic promise of NLCs as a potent drug delivery system for enhancing the bioavailability and targeted delivery of curcumin for cancer treatment.